If you are looking to start a health education career, it is a great time to do so as more and more people are needing alternative treatments and methods that can bring about better results than traditional western medicine and other traditional ways have brought them. A career in health education will consist of educating individuals, groups, businesses and public audiences with information and methods that when applied to their own lives can make both short term and long term positive changes on their health and well being. When this teaching is administered to individuals, not only are you positively affecting the health aspect of someones live, but their is also the possibility of the trickle effect where this knowledge will be passed on to friends and families.

Health Education Career Focuses

Educating and bettering peoples health is a broad focus of what a health educator career consists of, but there are a myriad diffrent focuses that a health educator teaches upon, some of which can include;

• Disease prevention and early detection of on coming disorders and diseases.
• Coping with mental health problems like depression, anxiety, stress and more.
• Positive body image.
• STD’s and safe practice.
• Getting off of alcohol and drugs.
• Eating healthy and exercising.
• Eating disorders.
• Deals with bullying.

These are just some of the topics that are taught to people by health educators, which another major part of the career is providing resources to pupils that can help them beyond what health education can provide. These jobs can be found in businesses, non profit organizations, government, schools and colleges, health care facilities, self employment among others. Other apsects of the job can include applying for grants to fund projects, promotion and marketing of health education programs, public speaking, collaborating with like minding individuals and businesses, write ups on health for publication purposes and more.

Health Education Career Salary

A health education carrer can allow you to get paid while making a huge impact on countless lives you can get paid pretty good, which the median salary is around $60,000 per year, in which this salary can range a lot higher in certain jobs as well as if one chooses to attain higher education, like a Doctorate in Public Health one focuses more on policy creation as well as works in administrative positions, where the salary can easily surpass $100,000 per year. Salary inhibitors can consist of where you live, demand, experience among others, but as it looks the salary will only go up due to the demand for health educators now and in the future according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Health Education Career Prerequisites

The first thing one need to obtain to enjoy an entry level position is a minimum of a Bachelors degree. In order to advance in ones health education career, a Masters degree is suggested. The degree needs to be related to health education like Public Health which the degree will get one a job in the profession. There are other optional prerequisites like the Certified Health Education Specialist (CHES) certification which is done by taking a test and committing to continuing education hours. This certification can offer a more committed feel to the profession that makes itself apparent on applications as well as is at times certification that employers ask their employees to attain.

Both health and physical education go hand in hand and need to work cohesively to have any positive effect on one another. Maintaining good health by consuming good nourishing foods as well as getting the right amount of fluids, water or juices, will only make our physical education experience both more enjoyable as well as be able to accomplish more in the form of not feeling bad which is what comes with not eating right. Which it should be known that one should drink half their body weight in ounces when it comes to water, which if one drinks a soda or coffee, this doesn’t qualify as half their body weight and needs to be made up in the form of water. In the past schools took care of the physical education part as most all schools did at least couple days of PE each week, which the parents held the responsibility of providing good foods and advising kids on wise choices when it comes to what to eat both at home as well as at school. But as health and physical education classes are being pushed out of school and/or becoming optional due to budget cuts or whatever other reason, the responsibility for advising children on both leading a healthy lifestyle as well as working in some sort of physicial education is are both for parents to provide now.

Being that at a young age children are extremely moldable and if done right, a parent can teach health and physical education concepts, examples as well as methods and exercises in which a child can adapt and continue to use for the rest of their life. This ultimately will lead to a more longevity and better quality of life in the next generation as well as provide the foundation for these children to teach their kids the right health and physical education ways and so on. A few examples that parents can offer to their kids as physical education are signing them up in seasonal sports as well as doing walks or jogs with them, which the ultimate aspect that one wants to focus upon is making the activity fun as one bad experience might set the child off where they won’t want to try again. Organized sports offer young kids not only a fun time with exercise but also teambuilding skills as well as interpersonal skils that can help them immensely as an adult. As far as health examples, the best thing is moderation which can meet cutting out some of the unhealthy things that the family is eating, which a great method is to eat healthy all week then treat your self on weekends as a reward which can be looked forward to.

The other fact when it comes to those who are worried about overeating is that the simple act of chewing your food more before swallowing will actual trigger ones brain to knowing that your body has had enough nourishment a lot faster, which the food will start to digest more by keeping it in your mouth longer as thats where the digestion process starts, leaving you will a satisfied feeling that often thinks only eating more will provide. Another aspect that one can use for health and physical education is to find a muli-vitamin that can provide you with the nutrients that you are not getting in the foods that you are consuming, as the food is becoming more and more depleted on nutrients each and every year that passes. At the end of the day, it is calories in and calories out, which means that we need to be burning the amount of calories we consume in order to maintain our weight.

By utilizing these health and physical education tips above, one can really provide their children with the right habits that will make an impact both in the short term as well as long term. Also, by adapting better health and physical education regimn, one will feel and think better which will provide better success in school as well as on the job as well as bring one a much higher self-esteem, leaving them feeling good on the inside and outside. For even more information on obtaining a better understanding of ongoing health and physical education information, a great site is offered by Dr. Mercola who specializes in a broad amount of natropathic topics and can provide one with very valuable information.

The end goal of a public health doctorate program is to educate the pupils with the education needed to go into the health education feild and communicate information that is vital to the prevention of diseases through hightened awareness and methods that allow them to lead a healthier lifestyle. The degree status offers the graduate the highest expertise in the feild, which will allow the individual to be both sought out as well as offering the freedom to essentially negotiate both salary as well as type of jobs that they wish. There are a host of concentrations that are offered in these degree programs that an individual can choose to study depending on their long term career goals, some of which inlclude:

• Environmental Health
• Global Health
• Occupational Health
• Biostatistics
• Epidemiology
• Health Behavior
• Public Health Practice
• Health Services Administration
• Nutrition
• Maternal and Child Health
• Public Health Policy

Attaining a Doctorate Degree in Public Health will open up a world of career opportunity as well as equipt you with the knowledge needed to administer the highest knowledge of health to the public. Most often than not those with the DrPH title open up their own practice or are in positions that inlclude teaching, policy creation, administration as well as senior postions in workplaces like state health departments and health agencies. As far as a salary goes for an dividual with doctorate in public health, one can expect to earn well over $100,000 a year with the possibility of $200,000 or more. All in all, a doctorate in public health is for those who both have experience in administering health education to the public as well as have a passion to do so at a much higher level.

It also should be known that there is also a public health PhD which offers the same “Doctor” title that the doctorate in public health offers but offers a slightly different career path that offers employment in research and policy creation jobs.

Schools That Offer Doctorate In Public Health Degrees

There number of degree programs offering doctoral degrees in public health is smaller than most programs but the amount is expected to increase in the future due to the projected demand for public health educators.

University of Florida (USF)

Harvard School of Public Health

Boston University

Rollins School of Public Health

University of Iowa

New York University Steinhardt

University of Hawaii

University of Los Angeles California (UCLA)

The University of North Carolina (Online)

Walden University (Online)

Akamai University (Online)

Doctorate In Public Health Admission Requirements

In order to become a student in a DPH program, you must meet certain prerequisite criteria first off will consist of holding a minimum of a masters degree, which the study can be unrealted to public health/health education. Other requirements may consist of:

• Letters of reference.
• Certain GPA requirements most likely no lower than a 3.0.
• Completion of the Graudation Record Exam (GRE) with certain minium scores in all portions of the test which include verbal, analytical and quantitative.
• Certain TOEFL scores for those whom English is spoken as a second language.

Health education in public schools is needed more today than anytime in history as physical as well as mental/emotional disorders are more prevelant in young individuals today than ever. The topics delved upon in public school classes deal with the age group, in which a health educator is needed for all levels of public school starting grade school and all the way up to the high school level. The administered curriculum can vary depending on what level one is teaching, but the teaching tends to follow a pretty similar structure, all of which is dedicated to touching upon subjects that are the most prevalent among the age group the health educator is teaching to. Below is an example of some of the health education topics that are taught in public schools.

Curriculum of Health Education In Public Schools

Health Education in Public Elementary Schools

Health education topics in elementary schools are pretty generic, which health educators are found the least in this level of schooling, but the direness of the administration at this level are imperative that good habits are taught correctly as this can set up the foundation for good habits for the long term, even a lifetime. Some of the main topics that are focused upon in are:

• Eating right and making healthy eating choices.
• Staying active through extraacurricular activities.
• Spotting symptoms of sickness.
• What to do if one witnesses or are being bullied as well as violence mediation.
• Positive emotion expression.
• Methods that prevent sickness from spreading.
• The stop drop and roll method.

Health Education in Public Schools for Middle and High School

Health education in middle school and high school tends to be taught on very similar subjects as these age groups are fairly similar as well as they are dealing with many of the same inhibiting factors, those of which can include:

1. A healthy body image, which includes eating right and the right amount for each individual, which the main goal of teaching this subject is to teach the pupils to embrace individuality and stray away from trying to look like a model or celebrity.
2. Emotional health like coping with certain mental disorders as well as the identification of them, which this topic also focuses heavily upon suicidal topics and what to do if one is in this state of emotional health.
3. Teaching of different STDs as well as methods of prevention, which this topic also focuses upon avoiding adolecent pregnancy.
4. Alcohol and tobacco use as well as preventing the use. This also includes teaching the students about the effects of both of these.
5. Preventing bulling and violence are also a topic touched upon in health education in public schools.
6. Becoming aware of the symptoms of asthma.
7. Working out and topics that mesh with it like eating healthy and staying active.

Many of these are examples that the NCAAHPERD in which they state that most all schools end up only teaching on one of the many topics of health education, in which a small percentage actually employ all of the main 13 topics of health education in public schools.

Public School Health Educator

If you are interested in teaching health education in public schools, you can do so by obtaining a degree in health studies, as well as attain the Certified Health Education Specialist title which is an optional credential but can help one attain better jobs as well as a larger salary. Four year degrees are usually a minimum requirement for health education jobs, in which the median salary is over $60,000 a year in a profession that is expected to explode an employment demand over the next decade, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

(If you have come to this page looking for information on health education lesson plans, you can check out a compiled list by clicking this link: health education curriculum.)

When it comes to what you learn during a health educaiton degree, the health education curriculum can vary between schools as well as types of degrees, but tends to stay pretty consistant. The main goal of the teach administering the health education curriculum is to provide their students with the ability to teach individuals and groups preventitive methods that will enable them to lead a health lifestyle than they are currently living which also includes avoiding diseases later on in life and disease prevention through a variety of different teaching methdos. Below is an example of the host of different topics that are touched upon during classroom learning.

Health Education Curriculum Examples

Health education curriculum in adminstered at schools of public health for the most part in which degrees range anywhere from a Bachelors to a Doctorate, in which some of the best schools are given accrediation status by the likes of the Council of Education for Public Health (CEPH), which the curriculum usually consists of a certain number of pillars or concentrations that are focused upon. Below is an exampe of some of the health education topics:

• The Management and Policies of Health Education
• Family Health
• Epidemiology
• Community Health
• Health of the Environment
• Risk Assesment and Management
• Public Health Law
• Environmental Health
• Nutrition
• Principles in Hospital Management
• Infectious Diseases
• Urban Health Issues
• Health Management Concepts
• Race, Ethnicity and Gender

After one has learned the health education curriculum and graduated from a school of public health, they are now able to apply for jobs in the health education feild. Once a job is attained they themselves will start administering health educaiton on different subjects that can include:

• Drinking and Alcohol Cessation and Prevention
• Prvention of HIV and STD’s
• Health Body Image
• Addressing Health Issues in the Community
• Sexual Pressures
• Disease Prevention and Early Detection
• Peer Pressure and Bullying
• Working Out & Eating Healthy
• Prevention of Domestic and other types of Violence
• Self Acceptance
• Coping with Depression and Anxiety/Stress
• Preventing Adolecent Pregnancy
• Dealing with Suicidal issues and Prevention
• Safe Practice
• Eating Disorders and Prevention
• A Number of Different Addictions

This health education curriculum is administerd by the health educator at a myraid of different facilities, which some of them can include; middle schools and high schools, employees at different businesses, hospitals, colleges and universities, lecture halls, fitness centers as well as in the community also known as “community health education”. The health education curriculum will not only consist of verbal teaching, but most often also consists of the health educator preparing a list of different resources that they can refer the group of people they are talking to, which the referrals are geared towards the health education subject they are touching upon. A health educator will teach their knowledge through a variety of different methods other than verabl communication like; power points, slide shows, exercises as well as flyer hand outs and more.

As of 2012, the health educator salary is around $60,000 per year with hourly wages that are around $30 per hour. The salary can also be complemented with benefits like; 401K, health and life insurance, dental and vision among others as well as the major benefit which is you inspiring individuals, groups and communities to adapt better habits that will inturn equate to people being able to possibly prolong their life as well as bring better quality of life. The $60,000 a year salary average is based off of a traditional 40 hour work week, and can obviously go up with overtime hours.

Highest Average Health Educator Salaries By State

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the top 5 states that have the highest salary for health educators are below, which bear in bear in mind that these projections were from 2010:

• District of Columbia – Averaging $85,140 annually.
• Maryland – Georgia – Averaging $77,560 annually.
• Georgia – Averaging $70,280 annually.
• Road Island – Averaging $65,130 annually.
• Nevada – Averaging $61,960

In which the highest average for health educator salaries is in the metropolitan area of Bethesda-Frederick-Gaithersburn MD Metropolitan Division which the median annual salary came in at a staggering $95,640.

Other Factors That Dictate The Health Educator Salary

The salary of a health educator can go up or down slightly or significantly depending on a few different factors which are:

• Experience – This involves both how long you have been administering your health educator craft as well as scholarly experience, as the minimum requirement to obtain employment as a health educator is a Bachelors Degree, which higher salaries and advancement can result in the attainment of higher education. This also includes extra certification and continuing education, like for example there is a certification status called Certified Health Education Specialist (CHE) which is a certification test that shows employers that the health educator has gone above and beyond the knowledge that traditional health education degrees provide.
• Population/Geography – The health educator salary can also be dictated by location in which you live in, as all communities has different numbers when it comes to it’s population. Smaller towns will have less people, which means less demand, whereas larger metropolitan towns will have a larger audience with a broader number of health education needs that need to be met, meaning more job opporunity and job diversity along with most likely a higher health educator salary.
• Specialty/Type of Facility – There are various different specialties and places where you can find health education jobs in which the health educator salary can differ. For example different health educator jobs can range from jobs in; schools and colleges/universities, hospitals, businesses, supervisors, community as well as self employment.

The Future Of The Health Educator Salary

The Bureau of Labor also states that the health education profession will experience a huge spike in employment demand and job opening during the decade timeframe of 2008 to 2018 which it will grow by 18 percent. This fact alone equates to the health educator salary average only going up each and every year as where there is demand, there is negotation!

A health educator dedicates their professional and personal life to the promotion of better health through lifestyle changes to individuals, groups and more broad audiences like the intermediate community, also known as community health education. When one becomes employed as a health educator, they can expect to earn a salary which is at a median of $60,000 per year, and can range over $100,000 in specific specialties. As far as requirements go for health education employment, one must meet certain prerequisites that include:

• A minimum of a Bachelors Degree coming from an accredited college, and can choose to attain a Masters Degree, like a Masters in Public Health (MPN), which will provide one with even better opportunity for employment and a larger salary.
• The overall promotion of optimal health and wellness, through knowledge as well as practicing what they preach, in the form of staying fit and making healthy choices.
• Provide consulting services to different agencies.
• Keep up on the latest knowledge by attending seminars and classes related to health education and promotion.
• Hands on training can be required, either community service or paid work.
• Often times a health educator chooses to obtain the title of a Certified Health Education Specialist, which is a credentialing examination administered by the National Health Commission for Health Education Credentialing Inc. It is not a requirement but a preferred prerequisite by many employers, and allows one to differentiate themselves from other applicants.
• Writing up of articles for scholarly purposes on the topic of health education meant for learning purposes.
• Health educators that hold more of a supervisor position, which a higher degree is a must, will generally hand out job duties similiar to the above duties, and make sure all goes smooth.

Job Description of A Health Educator

Job duties can range depending on the exact job one attains in the health education feild, but can have many similarities. Health educators teach a myriad of different areas of health education, some of which can include; smoking and drinking cessation, drug abuse, healthy body image, eating disorders, safe practice, STD’s, eating healthy, working out, mental health and coping methods, injury prevention, early detection among many others. Some of the main job duties of health educators can include:

• Writting up grants and funding proposals to provide funding to cover expenses for health education program development and administration.
• Marketing health education and health educator programs through various methods of advertisement which can include; social media, word of mouth, radio announcements, fliers, audio material, handouts among others.
• Networking with large corporations and small corporations and businesses which are either like minded when it comes to health education and/or are interested in learning more about developing a healthier lifestyle.
• Assess the health education needs of the population that they are speaking to, which can happen in the form of taking surveys to measure the needs that must be satisfied.
• Arrange guest speakers for their health education programs if need be.

Where Health Educators Work

Health educators working in a host of different workplaces, but major jobs positions include:

• Schools which include elementary, junior high and high school as well as in colleges and universities.
• Businesses.
• Health care facilities like outpatient centers.
• Communities.
• Government employment.
• Family services.
• Non Profit Organizations.
• Self employed, which a small percentage fills this category.

Job Outlook

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the job outlook for health educator employment is outstanding, as they project that over the ten year time span of 2008 to 2018, the profession will experience an 18% growth, making the health education profession an excellent one to go into being that the demand is in the job seekers favor and will be for a long time.

Continuing Education

In order to say employed the health educator must complete a certain numbe of hours of what is called “continuing health education” on top of the hours requirements if one chooses to become a Certified Health Education Specialist.

Health Behavior and Health Education is a hardcover research, practice as well as thery book which has the goal of providing clarity to its readers when it comes to subjects like the promotion of health and administering education on health related topics, which will enable the readers to practice what they have learned. The Health Behavior and Health Education book is currently in its 4th edition that was published in 2008, and consists of 592 pages in all, and bases its theories both of behavioral as well as psychosocial theory along with a series of educating bibliographies/case studies.

Some of the major contents of the book include:

• Fitting Theories Into Ones Practice
• Measurement and Application of Health Belief Models (HBM).
• Research & Theory Pardigms in the Promtion of Health.
• Marco Level Theories.
• Reasoned Action Theory.
• Social Marketing Definition and Role It Plays. (One of the most important factors of health behavior and health education as the role of the media is a huge factor in influencing behaviors and choices people make regarding their health and lifestyle.)
• Diverse Communities.
• The Toll That Stress Takes.
• Networking Importance.
• Individual and Commuinty Health Behavior and Health Education.
• Using Theory In Ones Practice as well as Research.
• Methods of Evaluation.
• Future Challenges.
• Health Behavior Innovation Diffusion.
• Perspective on Health Education History.
• Patient Communication.
• Community Interventions.
• Current Health Education Promtion Limitations.

UNC Health Behavior and Health Education

The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill established its own Health Behavior and Health Education Department which it was founded back in the 1940′s, which their main goal is to understand what determines behavioral and social health problems. They attempt to understand these aspects through various methods of introspection which include; engagement in the community all around the world, social along with interpersonal processes and the overall comunication of health. Through their efforts they hope to provide value on multiple fronts which include promoting good health which can lead to chronic illness prevention as well as the management of chronic illness. Both the researchers as well as the faculty have been recognized nationally as well as internationally and have a core group who have attained high levels of education studying a myriad of subjects on health education and behavior along with prevention. The mission of the Health Behavior and Health Education Department is to training individuals through administration of mutlipe different learning methods which they will altimately be able to carry on their vision of assisting people all over the globe with the prevention and managment of diseases.

SciMetrika Health Behaior and Health Education

SciMetricka is another force in providing expertise on the subject as they have a Health Behavior and Health Education team, who dedicate themselves to the continual research of a host of factors all of which help them document how in fact certain behavior in humans influences the status of health in individuals. The team at SciMetrika consist of both health educators along with behavioral scientists who create health education materials geared towards the advancement of health in humans.

No matter what health educator postion an individual applies for, their sole purpose of the job will entail promoting health on various fronts which will coincide with preventing disease, which the teaching is administered through strategies and methods that will help one develop a more health conscience approach to their daily life. The ultimate goal is that through the teaching, the students/pupils will be impowered and inspired to adapt to and utilize the knowledge to make lasting changes in their lives that will not only prevent them from health problems but enable them to have better or optimum quality of life. Health educator positions consist of teaching health education to both large audiences, individual, teaching in the community and more. As far where a health educator can work, below are the 7 main positions where health educators can find work.

The 7 Health Educator Positions

Health educator positions tend to consist of a 40 hour work week and can bring one an average income of around $61,000 a year. Below are the main places that you can find health education employment as well as a general job description.

Schools

Health educator jobs that involve teaching health education in schools basically consists of jobs in junior high and high schools where educators focus on teaching information that will allow one to make safe and wise choices that have to deal with what this age group is experiencing. The knowledge that is taught in schools can consist of; healthy body image, introduction to the different STD’s as well as practicing safe sex, alchohol consumption, nutritional programs as well as working out among others.

Businesses

You can also find health education employment in certain business in which the business will hire the health educator to cater a plan for their employees that will be able to fit into their daily schedules. This can consist of wellness programs for the employees at the business, which generally the teaching is taught to the staff in a group setting.

Healthcare Settings

These health educator postions generally consist of the employe working directly with one patient at a time, catering a specific health care plan for each person. One starts by evaluating their needs, then works on how they will implement the plan which is geared towards stopping or slowing as well as coping with a certain disease or disorder, as well as asssisting in implementing the plan so that they can end up using the health plan on their own.

Community

This type of health education postion is referred to as a community health educator or a public health educator. This job tends to deal with teaching health education on a multiple different subjects, after the educator has evaluated the communities needs, which then they create a health education program that caters to the groups needs. These jobs tend to be found in non profit organizations or individuals work closely with non profit organizations which will enable funding as well as contacts.

Colleges

College health education positions are similiar to those found in pre-college schools but tend to have to create program which will be accepted more so by their audience. Programs that college health educators teach can consisit of; abuse of drugs and alcohol, smoking cessation, bettering nutrition as well as choosing healthier food options around school and more.

Supervisors

One can also choose to become a supervisor of other health educators, which takes a more advanced degree in “wellness studies” or “health studies” or similiar. This can also lead to one becoming a director for different types of agencies.

Self Employed

Health educators can also be self employed, but the percentage is very small. The job description for self employed health educator postions is those that are hired as consultants or hired by companies to write grants.

Getting a degree from a public health school will allow one to broaden their horizon in employment opportunity, be able to work in a host of different workplaces and job positions as well as earn a great salary educating the public on preventitive methods to better their lives both short term as well as long term. Health educators is the title that graduating students receive, which their learning will consist of all that is needed for them to be able to advance the both peoples knowledge of health as well as advance the populations health in general.

Requirements For Admittance Into Public Health Schools

Being that there are various public health degrees that you can get, admittance requirements can vary, but below is a general overview of what can be required.

•  A high school degree or GED.
• Official transcripts in which the coursework came from an accredited college or institution.
• Letters of recommendation, usually 3 of them.
• Experience in the feild, which can inlude volunteer work, actual paid work or research in the field.
• A personal essay which is meant for the applicant to portray how you believe the particular public health school will allow you to achieve your goals and usually consists of around 1000 to 1500 words.
• A host of different standardized test scores, which can include the Graduation Record Exam (GRE), the MCAT among others.
• Either be a citizen on the United States or a permanent resident.
• Show that your are able to execute certain “technical skills” which can include; observation, motor, c0mmunication, behavrioal along with social attributes and intellectual-conconceptual abilities.
• An interview is often a requirements for admittance and can either consist of a phone interview and/or an onsite interview.

Top Public Health Schools

There are schools of public health all across the country, allowing one to attend and gain a health education degree pretty much anywhere one lives, as well as they can choose to attend one of the multiple online Public Health: public health schools as well. To give you an overview of the tops schools, below is a list of the top 5 schools, which are given their ranking by the US News.

1. School of Public Health at John Hopkins Univesity (Baltimore, MD)
2. University of North Carolina School of Public Health (Chapel Hill, NC)
3. Harvard School of Public Health (Boston, MA)
4. University of Michigan School of Public Health (Ann Arbor, MI)
5. Mailman School of Health (Columbia University) (New York, NY)

As far as the curriculum that is taught in these public schools, the knowledge learned is based off of multiple spectrums of health education and administration, all of which is generally taught upon through social, biological and quantitative sciences. As far as the subjects taught, below are various examples of the subjects that the teacher touches upon.

• Research methods in the practice of Public Health
• Principles in Epidemiology as well as Chronic Diseases In Epidemiolgy
• Risk Assesment Managment
• Principles in Hospital Managment
• Principles in Biostatistics
• Gender, Ethnicity & Race
• Health Management Concepts
• Case Studies in Community Health
• Urban Health Issues